See Parthian on Wiktionary
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"text": "1828, Frederic Shoberl, Persia, Part 4, Chapter XII: Amusements and Exercises,\nThe king’s cavalry are also trained to an exercise called the keykaj, which consists in turning about on the saddle at full speed and firing a carbine backward. This they learn from their childhood, and it gives them great confidence and dexterity on horseback. It is probably a remnant of the old Parthian custom so frequently alluded to in ancient authors; with this difference, that fire-arms are now used instead of bows and arrows.",
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"text": "1911, Babylonia and Assyria: Modern Discovery, article in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition,\nMidway in the mound is a platform of large bricks stamped with the names of Sargon of Akkad and his son Naram-Sin (3800 B.C.); as the débris above them is 34 ft. thick, the topmost stratum being not later than the Parthian era (H. V. Hilprecht, The Babylonian Expedition, i. 2, p. 23), it is calculated that the débris underneath the pavement, 30 ft. thick, must represent a period of about 3000 years, more especially as older constructions had to be levelled before the pavement was laid.",
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"roman": "ṗartuli",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "პართული"
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"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "პართიული"
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"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "parthisch"
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"_dis1": "100 0",
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"lang_code": "hi",
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"_dis1": "100 0",
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"roman": "parfjanskij",
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"sense": "relating to Parthia",
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"sense": "relating to Parthia",
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"ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, chapter VII, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, book VII (The Insurrection of Women), page 266:",
"text": "So that poor Brunout has nothing for it but to retreat with accelerated nimbleness, through rank after rank; Parthian-like, fencing as he flies",
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"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter VII, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume II, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "She was tired of dancing; it was getting very late; she must go to mamma;—and, without another word, she sprang away from Harry Foker’s arm, and seized upon Pen’s, who was swaggering about the dancing-room, and again said, “Mamma, mamma!—take me to mamma, dear, Mr. Pendennis!” transfixing Harry with a Parthian shot, as she fled from him.",
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"ref": "1863, Theodore Winthrop, Life in the Open Air, Chapter I:",
"text": "Finally the blue dells and gorges of a wooded mountain, for two hours our landmark, rose between us and the sun. But the sun’s Parthian arrows gave him a splendid triumph, more signal for its evanescence. A storm was inevitable, and sunset prepared a reconciling pageant.",
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"ref": "1887, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “A Study in Scarlet”, in Beeton’s Christmas Annual, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock & Co., part I (Being a reprint from the reminiscences of John H. Watson, M.D., […]), chapter III (John Ferrier Talks with the Prophet), page 24:",
"text": "With which Parthian shot he walked away, leaving the two rivals open-mouthed behind him.",
"type": "quotation"
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"Delivered as if in retreat."
],
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"word": "Parthian"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"ref": "1853 [c. 2nd c. AD], Justin, “History of the World, Extracted from Trogus Pompeius”, in J[ohn].S[elby]. Watson, transl., Justin, Cornelius Nepos, and Eutropius, tr. with notes by J.S. Watson, London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, page 272:",
"text": "The Parthians, in whose hands the empire of the east now is, having divided the world, as it were, with the Romans, were originally exiles from Scythia. This is apparent from their very name; for in the Scythian language exiles are called Parthi.",
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],
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{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "farṯiyy",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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{
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"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "farṯiyya",
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"roman": "partʻew",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթև"
},
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"_dis1": "27 73",
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"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "pahlaw",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պահլաւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻew",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻewazn",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթեւազն"
},
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"sense": "person",
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},
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "parta"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "cop",
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"lang_code": "cop",
"roman": "parthos",
"sense": "person",
"word": "ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲟⲥ"
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{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "eo",
"english": "man or woman",
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"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "person",
"translation": "man or woman",
"word": "partano"
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{
"_dis1": "27 73",
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"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "person",
"translation": "woman",
"word": "partanino"
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{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "Parthe"
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"_dis1": "27 73",
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"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "Parthe"
},
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"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗarteli",
"sense": "person",
"word": "პართელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartieli",
"sense": "person",
"word": "პართიელი"
},
{
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"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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"word": "Parther"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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"word": "Partherin"
},
{
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"sense": "person",
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],
"word": "Parthus"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 73",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "partiya gurun-i niyalma",
"sense": "person",
"word": "ᡦᠠᡵᡨᡳᠶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ"
},
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-luḡatu l-farṯiyya",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اللُّغَةُ الْفَرْثِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "partʻeweren",
"sense": "language",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "xcl",
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"roman": "pahlawik",
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻewarēn lezu",
"sense": "language",
"word": "պարթեւարէն լեզու"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang": "Finnish",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
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"sense": "language",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartuli",
"sense": "language",
"word": "პართული"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ka",
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"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartuli ena",
"sense": "language",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ka",
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"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartiuli",
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},
{
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"sense": "language",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
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"neuter"
],
"word": "Parthisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fa",
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"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "language",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "parfjánskij",
"sense": "language",
"word": "парфя́нский"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
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"sense": "language",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "parthiska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sv",
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"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
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}
]
}
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},
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"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Coptic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
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"Terms with Latin translations",
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"Terms with Persian translations",
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"Terms with Russian translations",
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{
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"text": "1828, Frederic Shoberl, Persia, Part 4, Chapter XII: Amusements and Exercises,\nThe king’s cavalry are also trained to an exercise called the keykaj, which consists in turning about on the saddle at full speed and firing a carbine backward. This they learn from their childhood, and it gives them great confidence and dexterity on horseback. It is probably a remnant of the old Parthian custom so frequently alluded to in ancient authors; with this difference, that fire-arms are now used instead of bows and arrows.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1911, Babylonia and Assyria: Modern Discovery, article in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition,\nMidway in the mound is a platform of large bricks stamped with the names of Sargon of Akkad and his son Naram-Sin (3800 B.C.); as the débris above them is 34 ft. thick, the topmost stratum being not later than the Parthian era (H. V. Hilprecht, The Babylonian Expedition, i. 2, p. 23), it is calculated that the débris underneath the pavement, 30 ft. thick, must represent a period of about 3000 years, more especially as older constructions had to be levelled before the pavement was laid.",
"type": "quotation"
}
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],
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"Parthia",
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"ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, chapter VII, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, book VII (The Insurrection of Women), page 266:",
"text": "So that poor Brunout has nothing for it but to retreat with accelerated nimbleness, through rank after rank; Parthian-like, fencing as he flies",
"type": "quotation"
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{
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"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter VII, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume II, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "She was tired of dancing; it was getting very late; she must go to mamma;—and, without another word, she sprang away from Harry Foker’s arm, and seized upon Pen’s, who was swaggering about the dancing-room, and again said, “Mamma, mamma!—take me to mamma, dear, Mr. Pendennis!” transfixing Harry with a Parthian shot, as she fled from him.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1863, Theodore Winthrop, Life in the Open Air, Chapter I:",
"text": "Finally the blue dells and gorges of a wooded mountain, for two hours our landmark, rose between us and the sun. But the sun’s Parthian arrows gave him a splendid triumph, more signal for its evanescence. A storm was inevitable, and sunset prepared a reconciling pageant.",
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"ref": "1887, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “A Study in Scarlet”, in Beeton’s Christmas Annual, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock & Co., part I (Being a reprint from the reminiscences of John H. Watson, M.D., […]), chapter III (John Ferrier Talks with the Prophet), page 24:",
"text": "With which Parthian shot he walked away, leaving the two rivals open-mouthed behind him.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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],
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]
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"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "farṯiyy",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "فَرْثِيّ"
},
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"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "partʻewakan",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "պարթևական"
},
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"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "pahlaw",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "պահլաւ"
},
{
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"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "pahlawik",
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"word": "պահլաւիկ"
},
{
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"lang_code": "xcl",
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"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "պարթեւական"
},
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
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},
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"lang_code": "cop",
"roman": "parthos",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲟⲥ"
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
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"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartuli",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "პართული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartiuli",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "პართიული"
},
{
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"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "parthisch"
},
{
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"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pahlavī",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "पहलवी"
},
{
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"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pahlav",
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"word": "पह्लव"
},
{
"code": "hi",
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"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pahlū",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "पहलू"
},
{
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"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "Pairtiach"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "partyjski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "parfjanskij",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "парфянский"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "pahlava",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "पह्लव"
},
{
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"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "parto"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "parthisk"
},
{
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"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "relating to Parthia",
"word": "partisk"
}
],
"word": "Parthian"
}
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"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Coptic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
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"Terms with Hindi translations",
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"Terms with Latin translations",
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"Terms with Middle French translations",
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"Terms with Persian translations",
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"Terms with Russian translations",
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"Terms with Spanish translations",
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"etymology_text": "From Parthia + -an; in the sense of delivered as if in retreat, an allusion to the Parthian battle tactic of firing arrows backwards from horseback while apparently in retreat.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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"related": [
{
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{
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"urls": [
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"ref": "1853 [c. 2nd c. AD], Justin, “History of the World, Extracted from Trogus Pompeius”, in J[ohn].S[elby]. Watson, transl., Justin, Cornelius Nepos, and Eutropius, tr. with notes by J.S. Watson, London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, page 272:",
"text": "The Parthians, in whose hands the empire of the east now is, having divided the world, as it were, with the Romans, were originally exiles from Scythia. This is apparent from their very name; for in the Scythian language exiles are called Parthi.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
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],
"links": [
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]
}
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"sounds": [
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"tags": [
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"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "farṯiyy",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَرْثِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "farṯiyya",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "فَرْثِيَّة"
},
{
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"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "partʻew",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթև"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "pahlaw",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պահլաւ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻew",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթեւ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻewazn",
"sense": "person",
"word": "պարթեւազն"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parta"
},
{
"code": "cop",
"lang": "Coptic",
"lang_code": "cop",
"roman": "parthos",
"sense": "person",
"word": "ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲟⲥ"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"english": "man or woman",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "person",
"translation": "man or woman",
"word": "partano"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"english": "woman",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "person",
"translation": "woman",
"word": "partanino"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parthe"
},
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parthe"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗarteli",
"sense": "person",
"word": "პართელი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartieli",
"sense": "person",
"word": "პართიელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parther"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Partherin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pairtiach"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parthus"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "partiya gurun-i niyalma",
"sense": "person",
"word": "ᡦᠠᡵᡨᡳᠶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "person",
"word": "پارتی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Part"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parta"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-luḡatu l-farṯiyya",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اللُّغَةُ الْفَرْثِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "partʻeweren",
"sense": "language",
"word": "պարթևերեն"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "pahlawik",
"sense": "language",
"word": "պահլաւիկ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "partʻewarēn lezu",
"sense": "language",
"word": "պարթեւարէն լեզու"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "language",
"word": "parthia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parthe"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartuli",
"sense": "language",
"word": "პართული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartuli ena",
"sense": "language",
"word": "პართული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartiuli",
"sense": "language",
"word": "პართიული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗartiuli ena",
"sense": "language",
"word": "პართიული ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Parthisch"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "language",
"word": "پارتی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "parfjánskij",
"sense": "language",
"word": "парфя́нский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "parthiska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "partiska"
}
],
"word": "Parthian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Parthian meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.